ISC 2019 Chemistry Theory Important Suggestions

Disclaimer : Follow the below suggestions at your own risk.

Link to Download PDF : ( Download ISC 2019 Chemistry Suggestions )

---

Physical Chemistry
(25 Marks)

---

Solid state :

• BCC,  FCC, ccp crystal – unit cell calculation
• Radius(r) and nearest neighbour distance (d)  relation only.
• Packing efficiency – bcc, fcc, ccp (no calculation)
• Octahedral and tetrahedral voids related numericals.
• Density related numericals (ρ = (Z x m) / (a³ x No))
• Schottky,  Frenkel defect-in detail.
• F-center,  NaCl yellow colour,  ZnO
• n and p type semiconductor, temperature with semiconductor.
• Co-ordination number.  NaCl,  ZnS type crystal.

Solution :

• Rasult’s Law, Positive and Negative deviation
• Colligative Property
• Elevation of bp. depression in freezing point, osmotic pr. Isotonic Solution
• Abnormal colligative property. Van’t Hoff factor. i = 1, i>1, i<1
• Na₂SO₄ , Glucose, MgCl₂ – comparative study of colligative property.

Electrochemistry :

• Nernst equation for different cell,  numericals, 
• standard reduction potential(definition),
• salt bridge, 
• utility of electrochemical series, 
• utility of standard reduction potential,
• cell representation,
• spontaneity of cell,
• cell constant (mainly numericals) ,
• specific equivalent and molar conductance-relation change with dilution,
• Kohlrausch’s law,  and numerical,
• cell constant, 
• Faraday’s law – mainly numericals

Chemical Kinetics :

• Zero, first order reaction in detail
• rate law,  half life,  units – numericals, 
• numerical related to rate equation,  order of reaction

Surface Chemistry :

• Physical and Chemical adsorption – differences,
• What is adsorption isotherm,
• lyuphilic and Lyophobic solutions differences,
• Dialysis,
• Ultra-centrifugation,
• Electrophoresis,
• Coagulation,
• Why adsorption is exothermic,
• peptization,
• factors which influence the adsorption of a gas on a solid,
• emulsion,
• aerosol, jel, foam, example (phase).

---

Inorganic Chemistry
(20 Marks)

---

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements :

• Froth floatation,
• Leaching,
• Flux (Example),
• Calcination,
• Roasting,
• Zone refining,
• electrolyte refining,
• wrought iron,
• cast iron,
• role of NaCN in extraction of silver ore,
• role of Iodine in refining of Titanium,
• Role of depressant in froth floatation method,
• vapour phase refining,
• extraction of Cu₂S – reactions involved.
• Why Aluminium can’t be extracted by chemical reduction process.
• Thermite mixture.

p-Block Elements :

• Inert pair effect – its application,
• boiling point,
• thermal stability of H₂O, H₂S, H₂Se, H₂Te. Acid strength, Reducing character of H₂O, H₂S, H₂Se, H₂Te.
• Electron gain enthalpy of F, Cl, Br, I.
• F₂ is highly oxidising.
• Thermal stability, acid strength, reducing character of — HF, HCl, HBr, Hi.
• Acid strength of oxoacids of halogen.
• Why interhalogens are more reactive,
• pseudo halogen—example only.
• Reactions — Cl₂ with NH₃, Cl₂ with H₂S and Na₂S₂O₃, Cl₂ with hot and cold NaOH.
• Liquification and melting and boiling points of noble gases
• structure of XeF₄, XeOF₄, XeO₃. F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂ (bond energy).
• Tailing of Mercury,
• O₃ reacts with I₂, HCl, PbS; H₂O₂ with PbS, Cl₂, KI.

d and f Block Elements :

• Atomic radii – variation,
• explanation – catalytic properties,
• complex formation of d-block elements
• why Zn, Cd are not Transition elements
• K₂PtCl₆ is known but corresponding Ni compound is not known,
• Cu(II) is paramagnetic but Cu(F) is diamagnetic.
• Lanthanide contraction,
• Basicity of La(OH)₃ and Lu(OH)₃,
• Atomic radii — Zr, Hf, Misch metal-composition,
• stainless steel, invar, Alnico-composition,
• preparation KMnO₄ from Pyrolustic Ore,
• K₂Cr₂O₇ reacts with acidified KI, AgNO₃ + KI —> ?

Coordination Compounds :

• Type of ligands – one example each.
• Chelate complex,
• IUPAC nomenclature,
• Ionisation,
• hydrate,
• linkage isomer — example only.
• Stereoisomerism of — Ma₂b₂, Ma₂bC, M(AA)₂b₂  type complexes,
• why NO GI for Tetrahedral complex,
• Total isomer for [CoCl₂(en)₂]⁺ complex.
• Bonding,
• magnetic character of [NiCl₄]^-2, [Fe(H₂O)₆]⁺³ , [Fe(CN)₆]^-3 complexes.

---

Organic Chemistry
(25 Marks)

---

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes :

• Reaction of halogen acids with alcohol,
• Hunsdiecker reaction,
• dehydrohalogenation,
• Grignard reagent,
• Wurtz-Fittig,
• Fittig reaction,
• chloropicrin,
• ChCl₃ + KOH –> ?,
• ChCl₃ + Ag –> ?,
• Iodoform reaction.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers :

• Preparation of primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols by Grignard reagent,
• acid catalyzed hydration of alkene,
• acid strength of 1° , 2° , 3° alcohol,
• dehydration, R-OH + SOCl₂ –>?,
• dehydrogenation,
• Lucas test
• lower to higher alcohol conversion and vice versa ,
• acid character of phenol,
• effect of substituent on the acidity of phenol,
• Phenol + Br₂ / H₂O –> ?
• Phenol + Br₂ / CS₂ –> ?
• picric acid,
• Kolbe’s A Schimdt reaction, salol, aspirin comma oil of wintergreen , reimer tiemann reaction, coupling, gattermann reaction reaction

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids :

• Williamson synthesis,
• R OH + CH₂N₂ + HBF₄ –> ?
• ether + HI in cold –> ?
• ether + HI in excess –> ?
• (CH₃COO)₂Ca + heat –> ?
• (HCOO)₂Ca + heat –> ?
• Rosenmund reduction,
• Reactivity of aliphatic aldehyde and ketone,
• cyanohydrin formation,
• Acetals and ketals,
• 2,4—DNP,
• RCH₂OH (reduction),
• CH₃—CH=CH—CHO + NaBH₄ –> ?
• CH₃—CH=CH—CHO + LiAlH₄ –> ?
• Cannizaro reaction
• aldol
• cross aldol
• mesitylene
• phorone
• Tischenko reaction
• Carboxylic acid more acidic than phenol
• HVZ reaction
• Distinction between phenol and carboxylic acid
• How would you prepare Lactic acid from acetaldehyde,
• How would you prepare ethane from acetaldehyde?
• Wolf-Kishner
• Clemenson reduction,
• Why formic acid reduces Tollen’s reagent?
• Acid strength of compounds – CH₃CH₂OH, CH₃COOH, ClCH₂COOH, C₆H₅CH₂COOH, FCH₂COOH

Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen :

• Stephen’s reduction,
• R-NO₂ + Sn/HCl or LiAlH₄ –> ?
• R-NO₂ + Zn / NH₄Cl –> ?
• Nitrobenzene Reduction –> ? 1. Acidic, 2. Neutral, 3. Alkaline medium
• Amide to Amine
• Basic character of aliphatic and aromatic amine  (Polar and Non-Polar solvent)
• Diazotisation
• RNH₂ + HNO₂ –> ?
• Carbylamine reaction
• Sandmeyer, Balz-Schiemann reaction
• Aniline does not undergo Friedel-craft reaction, Why?
• Aniline to Benzene
• Sulphonilic acid cannot be acylated but its sodium salt can be readily acylated, why?

Biomolecules :

• Reducing, non-reducing sugar (example) ,
• osazone,
• glucose reacts with conc HNO₃, Br₂/H₂O, [Aldohexose, Aldoketose-example]
• acidic, basic, neutral amino acid-example [zwitter ion – for Alanine, Glycine],
• Isoelectric Point,
• What is Peptide bonds,
• Fibrous and globulour protein,
• denaturation of protein,
• vitamin B12 – metal,
• glycosidic linkage,
• nucleoside and nucleotide,
• co-enzyme,
• avidaminose,
• glucose heated with Tollen’s reagent,
• mutarotation

Polymers :

• Addition, condensation polymer,
• Elastomer,
• Vulcanisation,
• Thermoplastic and Thermosetting polymers,
• write name of monomer – natural rubber,
• neoprene,
• PVC,
• Teflon,
• Terylene or Dacron,
• Nylon-6 or Perlon,
• Nylon – 66,
• Buna-S,
• Buns-N,
• Homopolymer,
• Copolymer,
• what are polyesters, Bakelite,
• what are Polyamides-example,
• Low density – High density polythene.